Protecting Vallée de Mai requires a multi-faceted approach, including habitat preservation, species monitoring, invasive species control and public engagement. At the heart of these efforts is the coco de mer, whose giant seeds, weighing between 1 and 18 kg, are the largest of any plant species. Unique and vulnerable, the coco de mer faces threats from illegal harvesting and habitat degradation.  

To ensure its survival, SIF has implemented a regeneration programme that promotes natural seed dispersal and seedling development, while boosting surveillance to deter poaching. Due to its slow growth, taking decades to mature, its conservation demands long-term dedication and adaptive management. In 2020, SIF launched a planting initiative aimed at involving the Seychellois community. The goal is to inspire local ownership and participation in preserving a species deeply rooted in Seychelles’ natural identity. 

Equally vital is the protection of the Seychelles black parrot (Coracopsis barklyi), the national bird, which depends entirely on the palm forest habitat. Found only on Praslin, this vulnerable species is at risk from habitat loss, invasive predators such as rats, cats and myna birds, and potential disease. Since 2009, SIF has carried out annual population censuses, ringing studies and monitoring of breeding success. Visitors to Vallée de Mai are advised not to whistle or mimic black parrot calls, as this may disrupt their natural behaviour.